DC optimizers allow each module to independently operate a maximum power point tracking algorithm, ensuring that each module is producing the greatest amount of energy possible while getting the benefit of the higher DC voltages of string inverters and subsequent higher efficiencies. This arrangement has numerous benefits including mitigating the impacts of module shading, module mismatching, and over or under performing modules. This allows unprecedented versatility in the system design including multiple module types, azimuths and tilts connected to a common string inverter.