I don't fully understand batteries, or really electricity for that matter (I mean, what is electricity really...!??)
I grew up hearing a phrase, "You've opened up a can of worms." As a child I imagined that worms came in a can and on those occasions that I went to the grocery store with my mother I would look for them on the shelves of canned goods. Of course I never saw them. Eventually though, on a summers fishing trip with my dad and a bucket of worms, I caught on to its meaning. A tangled mess. You can't tell where one worm ends and another starts.
Electricity is a simple matter to some and not so simple a matter to others. A never ending circle of events. For most, I believe that, as long as the light comes on when they flip the switch, thats all that matters.
I would explain electricity as, an amount of electrons over a period of time, but it can go a lot deeper than that. What is an electron? What is time?
What is an electron? For that we have to look at the atoms of matter or a mass.
So what are atoms made of? In the middle of each atom is a "nucleus." The nucleus contains two kinds of tiny particles, called protons and neutrons. Orbiting around the nucleus are even smaller particles called electrons. The 115 kinds of atoms are different from each other because they have different numbers of protons, neutrons and electrons.
http://www.chemicalelements.com/Protons, neutrons and electrons are very different from each other. They have their own properties, or characteristics. One of these properties is called an electrical charge. Protons have what we call a "positive" (+) charge. Electrons have a "negative" (-) charge. Neutrons have no charge, they are neutral. The charge of one proton is equal in strength to the charge of one electron. When the number of protons in an atom equals the number of electrons, the atom itself has no overall charge, it is neutral.
Some materials hold their electrons very tightly. Electrons do not move through them very well. These things are called insulators. Plastic, cloth, glass and dry air are good insulators. Other materials have some loosely held electrons, which move through them very easily. These are called conductors. Most metals are good conductors.
This is where the question, what is time, might occur.
We cannot conceive of motion without time. Clocks measure time. We cannot conceive of time without motion. When there is an imbalance of electrons between to atoms, the electrons will move (motion/time) from one to the other in order to balance out. We see this in nature as static electricity and on a larger scale lightning.
A coulomb of negative charge is that of 6,280,000,000,000,000,000 electrons.
One ampere flowing for one second of time passes a coulomb of electric charge. Charles Coulomb first described electric field strengths in the 1780's. He found that for point charges, the electrical force varies directly with the product of the charges. In other words, the greater the charges, the stronger the field. And the field varies inversely with the square of the distance between the charges. This means that the greater the distance, the weaker the force becomes. This can be written as the formula: F = k (q1 X q2) / d2
Where F is the force, q1 and q2 are the charges, and d is the distance between the charges. k is the proportionality constant, and depends on the material separating the charges.
One could expand on all of this and theorize that, energy is equal to mass but only at a certain speed, the speed of light squared: E=mc2.
It can be construed that energy and mass, mass and energy are one in the same.
"The human mind is not capable of grasping the Universe. We are like a little child entering a huge library. The walls are covered to the ceilings with books in many different tongues. The child knows that someone must have written these books. It does not know who or how. It does not understand the languages in which they are written. But the child notes a definite plan in the arrangement of the books---a mysterious order which it does not comprehend, but only dimly suspects." ~ Albert Einstein ~